This whole area of Emotional Intelligence continues to fascinate and irritate many - including me. While I have had difficulty decided which instrument I would adopt, I have finally selected the Genos - primarily because of my support of the work that Joseph Liberti does with EQatWork. I continue to be disappointed in some of the instruments on the market. For example, I use a lot of HRDPress materials, which are excellent for the whole, but the one that they call Emotional Intelligence has NOTHING to do with EQ. It may serve as a great Right/Left Brain assessment but not for EQ.
Here is a great article on the whole topic of Emotional Intelligence that I liked so much that I asked Kathleen if I could post the whole thing here instead of just a teaser. Please, do visit her site if you enjoy the material.
What is Emotional Intelligence?
A free feature to print off and read written by Life Coach Kathleen Ruth Hadikin.
Emotional intelligence has been described as 'using emotions to learn information about ourselves' (BBC Radio 4 'Emotional Rollercoaster' series)
There are many ideas about, and definitions of, emotional intelligence
but from a coaching perspective this one is most pertinent. The
coaching process encourages clients to develop awareness and
understanding of themselves: whay they love, what motivates them, what
their strengths are and, as part of this process, it is natural to
develop a greater awareness of our feelings: reading our emotions and
what they mean to us. In other words the coaching process facilitates
emotional intelligence.
Emotional
intelligence is nothing new although there has been a surge of interest
recently in emotional intelligence and the role of emotions at work.
This is because of the rise in what is known as 'emotional labour'.
Emotional labour is where emotions are actually used as part of our
work, and staff are required to often demonstrate or express emotional
states which may differ from how they are actually feeling. Examples of
roles where emotional labour is used are healthcare (medicine, nursing,
midwifery), customer services, call centres, retail, indeed many
service industries and many roles which are too numerous to mention
here.
So you can see, given the huge
increase in service industries, why emotional intelligence is suddenly
demanding our attention. We seem to have swung from one extreme to the
other: from the British stiff-upper lip attitude of 'it isn't the done thing to show one's emotions' to 'we not only want you to show emotions we want you to show the ones we tell you to.' It is a sign of the times that in many jobs these days you will be expected to be a Master of emotional intelligence.
Background
As long as we have had Human Beings (or Homo Sapiens)
we have had emotions! And probably long before: there is emerging
evidence that animals also have emotions, and researchers are even
discussing whether robots, or computers, can be programmed with
emotional responses.
The term emotional
intelligence first arose around the beginning of the 20th century. In
the 1920’s Edward Thorndike expressed early concern at the
over-emphasis on 'academic' intelligence, at the time when 'IQ' tests
were being developed. IQ tests are a measure of cognitive intelligence,
your 'Intelligence Quotient'. He was concerned that what he saw as
emotional and social intelligences were equally, if not more, important
and that they could be identified, and measured, as a completely
separate entity from academic intelligence. Most of us can think of the
stereotypical 'nerd' or boffin who is academically brilliant and
socially inept.
Probably the most well-known contemporary author on emotional intelligence is Daniel Goleman. In 1996 his book "Emotional Intelligence: why it can matter more than IQ"
was published, just at a time when the business and corporate world was
hungry for more information about emotions. It became a number one
bestseller. As is typical with Golemans work, this book is a very
thorough and in-depth review of the latest cutting-edge (at the time)
research into human emotions and how they affect our behaviour. He
quickly followed through with a book which places emotions in the
context of work:"Working With Emotional Intelligence" In this book he gives one of the most popular definitions of emotional intelligence that is in use today:
“the
capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for
motivating ourselves, for managing emotions well in ourselves and in
our relationships”.
It is referred to variously as emotional intelligence, social intelligence, emotional-social intelligence (ESI) and simply EQ.
What does EQ mean?
EQ means ‘emotional quotient’ and was a term devised by Dr. Reuven
Bar-On in an attempt to quantify, or measure, emotional-social
intelligence (ESI). He wondered if you could have an 'EQ' test to rate
your emotional intelligence in a similar way to how an 'IQ' test rates
your academic intelligence. (online at: http://www.6seconds.org/pdf/Bar-On_ESI.pdf )
EQ
tests are not absolute and are as controversial as IQ tests. Just as
your IQ can change throughout your life, and is not fixed at birth, so
can your EQ. EQ tests vary in what they measure (since there are
different ideas about what emotional intelligence actually is).
How we recognise emotional intelligence
While scientists argue over the best way to measure it, the rest of us
know ‘it’ when we see it. When we watch star peformers in a team they
usually have ‘it’ whilst others (apparently) don’t.
We
might notice: positive thinking; optimism; above-average networking,
communication skills and performance; confidence; an ability to put
others at ease and to ‘take things in their stride’; emotional
'maturity', an ability to be at ease with others' emotions; motivation;
energy; focus; calmness and/or presence. From this perspective we see
practical implications in terms of performance:
"For
515 senior executives analyzed by the search firm Egon Zehnder
International, those who were primarily strong in emotional
intelligence were more likely to succeed than those who were strongest
in either relevant previous experience or IQ. In other words, emotional
intelligence was a better predictor of success than either relevant
previous experience or high IQ. More specifically, the executive was
high in emotional intelligence in 74 percent of the successes and only
in 24 percent of the failures. The study included executives in Latin
America, Germany, and Japan, and the results were almost identical in
all three cultures."
- Source: http://www.eiconsortium.org/research/business_case_for_ei.htm
Here
is the good news: emotional intelligence can be developed. It is a myth
that you either have ‘it’ or you don’t. The star performer was not born
that way. He or she is using a complex emotional-social skill set that
has been learned at some stage. Whether we learn emotional skills
depends on our environment. While some people learn them at home even
before attending school and or at school, some of us reach adulthood
never having had the opportunity to develop emotional skills to any
recognisable degree. We are all at different stages in our
emotional-social development.
The
good news is that regardless of our baseline level of emotional
intelligence we can develop it further. Although our inborn nature does
play a part, some infants have been observed to be more outgoing and
actively seek social interactions from birth, we can still learn from
others how to develop and build upon our existing skills.
Although views differ, some of the key elements of emotional intelligence are described as:
- self-awareness and self-management;
- effective communication skills;
- empathy;
- an ability to sense what others are feeling and respond appropriately;
- and an ability to be in and work from ‘flow state’.
Some commentators, including Goleman, also consider intuition as an important aspect of emotional intelligence.
Coaching and emotional intelligence
The
coaching process by it's very nature encourages self-enquiry. The focus
is on who are you being in any given situation. Whereas a mentor might
focus on how you are doing a task, a coach will focus on who you are
being, in doing the task. This will include how you are feeling. An
awareness of how you are feeling in any moment, and the ability to
'read' the feeling, interpret it as having some information or a
message for you, is a key aspect of emotional intelligence.
In
coaching any 'limiting beliefs' need to be identified and changed if
possible. An obvious example would be a tennis player entering a match
with the belief that he can't win. Hs coach would want him to believe
that he absolutely CAN win. We can all see that this would affect his
performance, but do we know how?
Our tennis player might
not consciously be thinking 'I can't win'. He might not be consciously
thinking anything. But his feelings would tell us. He might notice a
'sinking feeling' in the pit of his stomach. Or nervousness, or fear.
The jury is still out on whether we experience thoughts or feelings
first, maybe both - at different times, but for our purposes it doesn't
really matter. It is sufficient to know that thoughts and emotions are
closely related. Once the feeling or sense of fear is recognised by our
player, with practice, he can then discern the message. He might be
aware that he is holding a limiting belief, barely a thought, which
might be 'I'm not good enough'.
By working with his coach
to change this belief, and using the physical sensation as energy -
perhaps re-naming it 'excitement' instead of fear, our player can
develop a winning attitude. If he does nothing and continues believing
and feeling that he isn't good enough, he might as well pack up and go
home. He's lost before he walks on court.
Emotional intelligence and flow state
In
general use emotional states are thought of as mostly negative. If
someone cries they are often described as 'emotional', yet if someone
is in a rage they usually aren't! We think of so-called 'negative'
emotions first: fear, anger, sadness and then we may tag on the
so-called positive emotions as an after-thought: joy, happiness, peace
or a sense of well-being. For our purposes no emotions are strictly
'positive' or 'negative' since they all contain information that is
good for us to know about ourselves. Even thought there may be some
emotions we would prefer not to experience and others which we would
prefer to experience.
One such 'preferred' emotional state
is flow state. Whilst not strictly an emotion as such, we can use
emotions to measure if we are in flow state, or not, and use emotions
to return to flow state. We certainly experience 'positive' emotions
once we are there. Why would we want to do this? Firstly perhaps
because it simply feels great. But there is alot more to flow state
than just feeling good.
Flow state is a highly creative,
high performance state in which we reach (and often surpass) our own
peak performance, while at the same time experiencing positive emotions
and a sense of effortlessness. This has been described by athletes as
'the zone'. Interestingly, we also feel more like our 'true' selves.
That what we are doing is just 'being who we are'. Even though some
learning might be involved, like learning techniques in tennis, or
playing an instrument, once we are in the state it somehow feels
natural and effortless. Quite complex tasks, such as playing a violin,
can feel easy.
As coaches we encourage people to remember
what they 'love' to do. We invoke emotional words like 'love', 'joy'
and 'passion'. If our clients can remember what they love, and why they
love it, indeed what they are passionate about, they can recall the
positive emotions involved and possibly recall occassions when they
have experienced flow state. If we can co-create an emotional pathway
back to that state, that the client can use as a tool on a daily basis,
they can not only improve their performance, which is good, but they
will experience a highly creative state, a flood of positive emotions
and an increased sense of well-being and job satisfaction. There is
also a close connection to whatever fires our passion and where our
strengths and talents lie.
In the groundbreaking book (and profiling test) "NOW Discover Your Strengths"
Buckingham and Clifton point out that strengths-based organisations not
only improve employee satisfaction, reducing stress and employee
turnover, but can increase performance by up to 80% This is because
once you practice any activity that relates to your strengths you
quickly experience flow state. It's a bit like the old adage: what came
first the chicken or the egg?
It doesn't really matter
whether you get into flow state because you are using your strengths or
whether you develop your strengths because you are in flow state. What
matters is that it feels good, feels effortless, and you are surpassing
and evolving beyond your peak performance. DO try this at home! Click
on the link above, take Buckingham and Cliftons 'strengthsfinder'
profile, then try any activity related to your top five strengths.
Pretty soon, you will experience flow state. (The Strengthsfinder
profile is an internet based profile, supported by Gallup International
in which over 2 million people have participated to date)
After
ignoring them for so long we are finally beginning to recognise that
our emotions are pretty important. Not only can they be a guidance
system for us, they can lead us to our strengths, lead us to our
passion, improve our performance and, well, they just feel good!
Emotional
intelligence skills enable us to read our emotions and make adjustments
where necessary. They also enable us to 'detach' from our emotions when
necessary. Our tennis player can dis-identify from his fear: he is
aware that it is not who he is. Once he realises he is not his
fear he can allow himself to experience the feeling, and still retain a
positive self-image as a star player. We can also use our emotions to
recognise, and return to, a flow state.
As we become
self-aware we develop the ability to observe our mind (our thoughts and
emotions) and dis-identify rather than be identified with it. We
realise we are much more than our thoughts and emotions. We are no
longer swept away by emotions. We empathise with others who are
struggling with emotional-mental attachments. We no longer take others’
emotions personally, or feel a need to react to them. This deeper
understanding leads us to new ways of being, new ways of interacting
with others and new levels of compassion. This is the next phase of
human evolution. It is emotional intelligence.
©2006
Ruth Hadikin Associates. Ruth Hadikin BSc (HONS), Cert.Ed. is a
Personal and Professional Development Consultant and Coach specialising
in Emotional Intelligence through Self-awareness. Her background is 18
years in the NHS as a Nurse, Community Midwife and Midwife Teacher. She
is author of Effective Coaching in Healthcare and with Co-Author with Muriel O'Driscoll of The Bullying Culture, and Interpersonal Skills. As
a freelance writer, consultant, trainer and personal coach she works
with individuals, groups and organisations, to facilitate a deeper
understanding of the intelligence inherent in human emotions and
promote the practical benefits of using emotional intelligence to
transform our everyday experience.
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